Iron Manufacturing Procedure Grunter Fe Shape Fe In Addition To Wrought Iron

MANUFACTURE OF IRON:

PIG IRON AND CAST IRON.

The manufacture of iron is based on the  principle of reduction of atomic position out 26 oxide amongst carbon monoxide. This reduction procedure is carried out inwards a furnace called ‘blast furnace’.

The atomic position out 26 ore is commencement washed concentrated roasted inwards social club to withdraw impurities such every bit sulphur as well as phosphorus every bit oxides. The roasting procedure too decomposes carbonates to oxides as well as too oxides sulphides. The roasted oxide ore is introduced from the run yesteryear to the nail furnace along amongst sufficient amounts of limestone as well as coke. The nail furnace is provided at the run yesteryear amongst loving cup as well as come upwardly organization inwards social club to drib the ore spell furnace is on.

The nail furnace is made of steel as well as lined amongst dismiss bricks amongst cylindrical shape. The furnace is about  100 feet as well as 23 feet inwards diameter. Hot air is forced into the furnace through openings or ‘twyers’ nowadays betwixt half-dozen to viii feet from bottom of the furnace. The bottom of the furnace is provided amongst outlets to withdraw molten atomic position out 26 as well as slightly higher upwardly it is a slag  hole (Figure 1.1 ) different  temperature zones are shown inwards furnace.

When the mixture of are, coke as well as limestone descends through the run yesteryear of the furnace, a nail of air comes across it is the upward direction. The mixture gets heated upwardly as well as reactions induce got house inwards v varions zones of the nail furnace. The coke is commencement oxidized yesteryear the hot nail of are at bottom to laissez passer on CO as well as CO2  with the liberation of large sum of estrus which brings the temperature inwards zone f at nigh 1500ºC The excess of CO is produced inwards the  furnace which reduces Fe2O3  or Fe3O4 to Fe.

Near the middle of the furnace limestone decomposes to laissez passer on lime, CaO as well as CO2 .  CaO acts every bit flux as well as combines amongst silica nowadays every bit gangue inwards the ore to shape a slag of calcium silicate which is removed from slag hole. Iron meets nigh the bottom of the furnace as well as removed through an outlet.

The chemic alter which induce got house inwards the nail furnace during smelting of atomic position out 26 ore are somewhat complex. However, the next reactions are simplified representations.

Chemical reaction involved.

1. The reduction activity betwixt CO as well as atomic position out 26 oxide starts at 300ºC to 600ºC In zone a as well as b the next reactions induce got place:
   
2. In zone c at nigh 750ºC the next reactions occur:
   
3. In zone d at 1000ºC CaCO3  decomposes to laissez passer on CaO as well as CO2
4. At nigh 1300ºC CaO (flux) combines amongst SiO2 (present inwards the ore) to from calcium silicate (slag).
   
5. At 1500ºC or higher upwardly the atomic position out 26 descending from zone c meets as well as gets collected at the bottom of the furnace Carbon (coke) burns inwards zone f to from CO which reduces the atomic position out 26 oxide spell crossing it.
   
6. The exhaust or flue gases which come upwardly out from the run yesteryear of the nail furnace nevertheless incorporate large amounts of carbon monoxide . These gases are burnt as well as used to preheat the air blast.

Wrought Iron.

It is prepared from cast atomic position out 26 yesteryear puddling I.e., heating inwards particular type of reverberatory furnace provided amongst doors DD. The furnace is lined amongst oxides of atomic position out 26 inwards haematite or magnetite. The atomic position out 26 oxide oxidises  impurities nowadays inwards atomic position out 26 therefore C,S as well as P are removed every bit corresponding volatile oxides.

Heat is reflected as well as radiated from the roof of the furnace upon. The molten atomic position out 26 etc , spell blowing hot gases  through it. The atomic position out 26 melts as well as is stirred or pool yesteryear atomic position out 26 rods for through contact amongst furnace lining. The gummy majority of atomic position out 26 is collected inwards balls ‘blooms’ as well as removed from the furnace. Small amounts of slag rest nowadays inwards wrought atomic position out 26 which gives fibrous construction to it simply is helpful during welding. The wrought atomic position out 26 may live easily hammered as well as depict into wires.