What Is Noble Gases? | Properties, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence |

What Is Noble Gases?

The elements similar helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (kr), xeon (Xe) in addition to radon (Rn) which are placed inward naught grouping of the periodic table are called noble gases. They are every bit good known every bit rare gases or inert gases. Actually, they are chemically inert in addition to are introduce inward a really modest quantity inward our atmosphere.

Noble Gases Properties.

Physical Properties of Noble Gases.

Colour in addition to odour:

All gases are colourless in addition to odourless.

Reactivity:

They are chemically inert.

Application of high voltage:

When these gases are subjected to high voltage, they hand dissimilar colours inward the spectra.

1. Ne glows reddish in addition to its discharge is virtually intense at ordinary voltage in addition to current.
2. Kr has bright greenish in addition to orangish spectral lines.

Availability:

Xe is available commercially inward cylinders at high pressures.

Melting indicate in addition to boiling point.

Their M.P. in addition to B. P. larn on increasing from upper to the downward direction.The argue is increasing polarizabilities in addition to increasing London dispersion forces.

Ionization Energies:

Their ionization energies decrease downwardly the group. This is due to

increasing publish of shells in addition to increasing shielding effect.

Solubility In Water:

They are to the lowest degree soluble inward water. Xe is slightly soluble inward waiter, to the extract of 110 mL dm^-3 at 20°C. Anyhow, the solubilities increase downwardly the group.This is due to the argue that big sized atoms are to a greater extent than readily polarized past times tho  H2O molecule.

Heat of vaporization:

They are all gases at ordinary temperature in addition to line per unit of measurement area in addition to and then their heats of vaporization increase downwardly the group.This is due to the increasing sizes in addition to increasing polarizabilities.

Electronic Configuration of noble gases.

Except He, all the noble gases convey 8 electrons inward the outermost shells. Their octet is complete. That is why, they convey fiddling vogue to produce the chemic reactions.

Occurrence of Noble Gases.

Air every bit 1 of the sources of the noble gases:

Noble gases occur every bit shaver constituents of our atmosphere. They are some 1 percent.

Noble gases are isolated from the air past times using:

1. Fractional distillation
2. Chemical methods

Helium (He):

In 1868, Helium was detected inward chromosphere of sun. During the full solar eclipse, it was named helium, which was derived from Greek give-and-take "Heilos" Which agency sun. After hydrogen it is the minute virtually abundant chemical element inward the universe.

The helium which is introduce inward the public is due to emission of the radioactive substances. They are double ionized helium ions.

Isolation of He:

It is uncomplicated in addition to economical to isolate the He gas from some neutral gases past times liquefaction method.

Neon (Ne):

Neon is every bit good obtained from the liquefaction of the air. It is 1/65000th purpose of the atmosphere.

Argon (Ar):

Argon was discovered past times Ramsay. It was obtained every bit a by-product from the liquefaction of the air.

Krypton (Kr):

Kr is every bit good introduce inward air to the extent of 1 ppm.

Xeon (xe):

It is obtained every bit by-product from the liquefaction in addition to separation of air components. It is introduce inward atmosphere to a really modest extent i.e., 0.08 ppm.

Radon (Rn):

Rn is introduce to a really modest extent inward the air in addition to it tin hand the sack hold out obtained every bit a by-product from the liquefaction of air.

Rn is a α-decay production of Ra. Small quantities of this gas tin hand the sack hold out collected from radioactive decay of radium isotopes.

Application of Noble Gases.

Uses Of Helium.

1. In the Treatment of asthma past times mixing amongst oxygen.
2. For filling weather condition balloons in addition to airships.
3. For producing cold inward interrogation work.
4. In the preservation of food.
5. For producing inert atmosphere inward welding in addition to sure enough metallurgical operations.
6. As a shielding gas for arc welding.
7. In measuring cold inward gas thermometry.
8. Used inward unmarried light.
9. Used inward atomic reactors. This is due to the argue that helium has high thermal conductivity, depression viscosity in addition to inert nature.

Uses of neon.

1. In making neon advertising signs, Actually neon lights are visible from long distances in addition to fifty-fifty visible inward fog in addition to mist.
2. In high voltage indicator in addition to T.V. tubes, inward voltage stabilizers in addition to electrical flow rectifiers.
3. In making drinking glass lasers.

Uses of argon.

Argon is used:

1. For filling the electrical bulbs to increase the life of filament. It is mixed amongst 15% N2.
2. Used inward Geiger counters, which are employed to respect the radioactivity.
3. Used for producing inert atmosphere inward welding in addition to metallurgy of sure enough metals.
4. For the filling of fluorcent tubes in addition to radio valves.
5. By mixing amongst neon inward neon signs, the lite of varying color tin hand the sack hold out obtained.

Uses of Krypton.

Krypton is used:

1. To fill upward fluorscent tubes.
2. In flash lamps for high speed photography.
3. Kr⁸⁵ is used for the touchstone of the thickness of the sheets of the metallic in addition to plants.

Uses of Xenon:

Xenon is used:

1. In bactericidal lamp.
2. In atomic unloose energy plain inward bubble chamber. In bubble bedroom liquid Xe is used for the detection of gamma-photons in addition to neutral mesons.

Uses of radon:

Radon is used:

1. In radiotherapy of cancer.
2. For earthquake predications.
3. For the training of ointment for the handling of cancer in addition to other diseases.
4. For photography the interior of opaque materials.