Alkanes Alkenes In Addition To Alkynes

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes.

Compounds containing carbon in addition to hydrogen alone inwards their molecules are called hydrocarbons. They generally be inwards natural gas in addition to petroleum. On the Earth of structure, these are divided into ii principal classes, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, in addition to aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are farther divided into iv families, i.e., Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, in addition to cycloalkanes.

Alkanes.

Alkanes, likewise known equally paraffin, accept the full general formula CnH2n+2. Since the valency of carbon atoms, inwards their formulas, is completely satisfied, alkanes are known equally saturated hydrocarbons. By increasing 'n' gradually nosotros obtain the formulas of a serial of compounds inwards which every fellow member differs from its immediate vecino past times the one-CH2 group. Such a serial is known equally a Homologous series.

The outset iv members of this serial are gases amongst the next structures.

Methane, CH4  the outset in addition to the simplest hydrocarbon, is a principal element of Natural Gas which is widely used equally fuel. The side past times side higher homologues,i.e., pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, in addition to decane are liquids in addition to the nonetheless higher members are waxy solids.

Alkenes.

Alkenes, full general formula CnH2n, are about other identify unit of measurement of aliphatic hydrocarbons amongst ii hydrogen atoms per molecule less than the corresponding alkanes. For this reason, alkenes are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. An alkene can, therefore, live on converted to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon, an alkane, past times improver of i tooth equivalent of hydrogen.

The outset fellow member of alkene serial has the formula, C2H4, in addition to is ordinarily known equally ethylene. Each fellow member of the alkene serial has i carbon-carbon double bond inwards their molecules to satisfy the quaternary valency of carbon.

Alkynes.

Alkynes found about other identify unit of measurement of unsaturated hydrocarbons amongst the full general formula CnH2n-2; thus each fellow member of alkyne identify unit of measurement has ii atoms of hydrogen fewer than the corresponding fellow member of alkene identify unit of measurement in addition to consequently, all alkynes incorporate a triple bond inwards their molecule.

The mutual advert of the outset fellow member of the alkyne serial is acetylene. It has molecular formula C2H2 in addition to has a linear construction H-C≡C-H, which consists of a σ  bond in addition to two π bonds.