Polymers.
Many organic compounds incorporate k of atoms per molecule. Such large molecule are known every bit giant molecule or macro molecule.
We may regard whatever molecule alongside a relative molecule volume of 5000 or to a greater extent than every bit a macro molecule.certain macro molecule are formed past times joining together large number of such smaller molecule to shape a long chain. The starting stuff is known every bit (monomer, mono agency one; mer agency purpose or unit). The concluding production which is a macro molecule of a higher molecular volume is called a polymer ( poly agency many).
Thus, a polymer consists of a repeating unit of measurement too it's full general molecular formula may live represented precisely every bit -[repeating unit]-n where n is a real large whole number. The molecular size of a given polymer is non fixed i.e n is a attain of numbers. Polymer perchance natural or artificial.
NOTE: all polymer are macro molecule but non all macro molecule are polymer, eg. Diamond is macro molecule but it is non polymer.
Natural Polymer.
Natural Polymers are those substances which are obtained naturally. These polymers are formed either past times the procedure of addition polymerization or condensation polymerization. Polymers are extensively establish in nature. Our trunk also is made upward of many natural polymers similar nucleic acids, proteins, etc. The Cellulose is another natural polymer which is a main structural factor of the plants. Most of the natural polymers
are formed from the condensation polymers too this formation from the monomers, H2O is obtained every bit a by- product. Some of the Natural polymers also include deoxyribonucleic acid too RNA, these polymers are real much of import inwards all the life processes of all the living organisms. This messenger RNA is the 1 that makes possible peptides , proteins, and enzymes inwards a living body. Enzymes inside the living organisms assist the reactions to travel on too the peptides makes upward the structural components of hair, skin, too also the horns of a rhino. The other natural polymers are polysaccharides or called every bit sugar polymers too polypeptides such as keratin, silk, too the hair. Natural rubber is also a natural polymer which is made of hydrogen too carbon.Examples of Natural Polymers There are close many examples of natural polymers which occur inwards nature.A brief description on to a greater extent than or less of them are listed below.
Proteins too Polypeptides.
Proteins are the basic type of natural polymers which constitutes in almost all the living organisms. Proteins are said to live most versatile inwards nature. They tin also be every bit catalysts. Some of the proteins are called every bit enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for various chemic reactions occurring inwards our trunk too it happens close 1000000 times faster even without these enzymes. One type of poly peptide inwards our blood called as hemoglobin carries the oxygen from lungs to the cells of a human body. A poly peptide is normally a naturally occurring type of polyamide. This polymer consists of an amide group present inwards the backbone chain of human body.
Collagen.
Collagen is 1 of the natural polymers too is a protein. It makes upward the connection tissue present inwards the pare of human beings. This Collagen-polymer is also a fiber that creates an elastic layer below the pare too therefore helps in keeping it supple too smooth. Latex.
Latex is known to live a kind of rubber, too safe is a natural polymer. This latex occurs inwards both the forms either synthetic or natural. The natural shape of latex is mainly collected from the safe trees and it is also establish inwards multifariousness of plants which includes the milkweed. It can also live prepared artificially past times the process of edifice upward long chains of molecules of styrene. Cellulose.
Cellulose is 1 of the most abundant organic compounds found on the basis too moreover the purest shape of natural cellulose is the cotton. The paper manufactured from the woods of trees too also the supporting materials inwards leaves too plants mainly comprise of cellulose. Like the amylose, it is also a polymer which is made from the monomers of glucose.
Starch.
Starch is the derivative of condensation polymerization and consists of glucose monomers, which farther carve upward into water molecules when combined chemically. Starch is also a of basic nutrient groups called the carbohydrates too it is establish in the grains, cereal too potatoes. Starch is a polymer of monosaccharide glucose. The molecules of starch consists of 2 kinds of glucose polymers namely amylopectin too amylose which are the principal factor of starch in most of the plants. Artificial polymer.
Synthetic polymers are human-made polymers. From the utility indicate of sentiment they tin live classified into 4 principal categories: thermoplastics, thermosets , elastomers too synthetic fibers . They are establish commonly
inwards a multifariousness of consumer products such every bit money, glue, etc. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 broad multifariousness of synthetic polymers are available alongside variations inwards principal chain every bit good every bit side chains. The dorsum bones of mutual synthetic polymers such every bit polythene, polystyrene too poly acrylates are made upward of carbon-carbon bonds, whereas hetero chain polymers such every bit polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polysulfides too polycarbonates accept other
elements (e.g. oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen) inserted along the backbone. Also silicon forms similar materials without the require of carbon atoms, such every bit silicones through siloxane linkages; these compounds are
therefore said to live inorganic polymers. Coordination polymers may incorporate a attain of metals inwards the backbone, alongside non- covalent bonding present. Some familiar household synthetic polymers include: Nylons inwards textiles too fabrics, Teflon inwards non-stick pans , Bakelite for electrical switches, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) inwards pipes, etc. The mutual PET bottles are made of a synthetic polymer, polyethylene terephthalate . The plastic kits too covers are generally made of synthetic polymers similar polythene too tires are manufactured from Buna rubbers. However, due to the environmental issues created past times these synthetic polymers which are generally non-biodegradable too oft synthesized from petroleum, alternatives similar bioplastics are also beingness considered. They are even so expensive when compared to the synthetic polymers.
IUPAC definition.
Artificial polymer: Man-made polymer that is non a biopolymer.
Note 1: Artificial polymer should also live used inwards the illustration of chemically modified biopolymers.
Note 2: Biochemists are at 1 time capable of synthesizing copies of biopolymers that should live named synthetic
biopolymers to brand a distinction alongside truthful biopolymers.
Note 3: Genetic technology scientific discipline is at 1 time capable of generating non-natural analogues of biopolymers that should live referred to every bit artificial biopolymers, e.g., artificial protein, artificial polynucleotide,etc.
